Zomwe muyenera kudziwa za khansa

Khansara imapangitsa kuti maselo azigawikana mosalamulirika. Izi zingayambitse zotupa, kuwonongeka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, ndi kuwonongeka kwina komwe kungapha. Khansara imatha kukhudza mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi, monga mawere, mapapo, prostate, ndi khungu. Khansara ndi liwu lalikulu. Imalongosola matenda omwe amabwera pamene kusintha kwa ma cell kumayambitsa kukula kosalamulirika ndi kugawanika kwa maselo. Mitundu ina ya khansa imayambitsa kukula kwa maselo mofulumira, pamene ina imapangitsa kuti maselo akule ndikugawidwa pang'onopang'ono. Mitundu ina ya khansa imayambitsa zotupa zooneka, pamene zina, monga khansa ya m'magazi, sizitero. Maselo ambiri a m’thupi amakhala ndi ntchito zinazake komanso amakhala ndi moyo wokhazikika. Ngakhale kuti zingamveke ngati zoipa, imfa ya selo ndi mbali ya chinthu chachibadwa komanso chopindulitsa chotchedwa apoptosis. Selo limalandira malangizo kuti life kotero kuti thupi likhoza kulowetsamo selo latsopano lomwe limagwira ntchito bwino. Maselo a khansa alibe zigawo zomwe zimawalangiza kuti asiye kugawanitsa ndi kufa. Zotsatira zake, zimachulukana m'thupi, pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya ndi zakudya zomwe nthawi zambiri zimadyetsa maselo ena. Maselo a khansa amatha kupanga zotupa, kusokoneza chitetezo cha mthupi komanso kusintha zina zomwe zimalepheretsa thupi kugwira ntchito nthawi zonse. Maselo a khansa amatha kuwoneka m'dera limodzi, kenako amafalikira kudzera m'mitsempha. Awa ndi magulu a chitetezo cha mthupi omwe amapezeka m'thupi lonse. Injector yapakatikati ya CT, jekeseni wapakatikati wa DSA, jekeseni wapakatikati wa MRI amagwiritsidwa ntchito kubaya sing'anga yosiyanitsa pamajakisoni a zamankhwala kuti athandizire kusiyanitsa kwazithunzi ndikuthandizira kuzindikira kwa odwala. Kafukufuku watsopano walimbikitsa chitukuko cha mankhwala atsopano ndi njira zamakono zothandizira. Madokotala nthawi zambiri amalembera chithandizo chotengera mtundu wa khansara, nthawi yomwe yapezeka, komanso thanzi la munthuyo. Pansipa pali zitsanzo za njira zochizira khansa: Chemotherapy imafuna kupha maselo a khansa ndi mankhwala omwe amayang'ana ma cell omwe amagawika mwachangu. Mankhwalawa angathandizenso kuchepetsa zotupa, koma zotsatira zake zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Thandizo la mahomoni limaphatikizapo kumwa mankhwala omwe amasintha momwe mahomoni ena amagwirira ntchito kapena kusokoneza mphamvu ya thupi kuwapanga. Mahomoni akamagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi khansa ya prostate ndi mabere, iyi ndi njira yofala.

Immunotherapy imagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi mankhwala ena kuti alimbikitse chitetezo chamthupi ndikuchilimbikitsa kulimbana ndi maselo a khansa. Zitsanzo ziwiri za mankhwalawa ndi ma checkpoint inhibitors ndi adoptive cell transfer. Mankhwala olondola, kapena mankhwala opangidwa ndi munthu payekha, ndi njira yatsopano, yomwe ikukula. Kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito kuyezetsa majini kuti mudziwe njira zabwino zochizira khansara. Ofufuza sanawonetsebe kuti imatha kuchiza mitundu yonse ya khansa, komabe. Thandizo la radiation limagwiritsa ntchito ma radiation amphamvu kwambiri kupha maselo a khansa. Komanso, dokotala angalimbikitse kugwiritsa ntchito ma radiation kuti achepetse chotupa musanachite opaleshoni kapena kuchepetsa zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi chotupa. Kuika tsinde kumatha kukhala kopindulitsa makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa yokhudzana ndi magazi, monga khansa ya m'magazi kapena lymphoma. Zimaphatikizapo kuchotsa maselo, monga maselo ofiira kapena oyera, omwe chemotherapy kapena radiation yawononga. Akatswiri a labu ndiye amalimbitsa ma cell ndikubwezeretsanso m'thupi. Opaleshoni nthawi zambiri imakhala gawo la njira yothandizira munthu akakhala ndi chotupa cha khansa. Komanso, dokotala amatha kuchotsa ma lymph node kuti achepetse kapena kuletsa kufalikira kwa matendawa. Machiritso omwe akuwunikiridwa amagwira ntchito mkati mwa maselo a khansa kuti asachuluke. Angathenso kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Zitsanzo ziwiri za mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala ang'onoang'ono a molekyulu ndi ma antibodies a monoclonal. Madokotala nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo yamankhwala kuti agwire bwino ntchito.