Choncho, muli kuchipatala, mukukumana ndi kupsinjika maganizo kwachipatala komwe kukubweretserani. Dokotala akuwoneka kuti ali ndi milomo yolimba koma walamula kuti ayesedwe kangapo, monga chifuwa cha X-ray kapena CT scan.
Kapenanso, mutha kukhala ndi mammogram yokonzekera sabata yamawa ndipo tsopano mukukumbukira X-ray ya mano yomwe mudapanga posachedwa. Kapena, mutayang'anitsitsa thanzi lanu, dokotala wanu angakuuzeni PET scan chifukwa cha chinthu chachilendo chomwe chinawonekera.
Ngati mwakumanapo ndi chimodzi mwazochitika izi, mwina munadzifunsapo kuti: Kodi n'zotheka kuwonetseredwa ndi ma radiation ambiri? Kodi zingayambitse khansa? Ndipo kodi ndikofunikira kudzutsa nkhawa, makamaka ngati mulibe pakati?
KODI MA radiation amakhudzidwa bwanji?
"Milingo ya radiation imatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mayeso," adatero Pulofesa Wothandizira Lionel Cheng, mlangizi wamkulu komanso wamkulu wa Diagnostic Radiology ku Singapore General Hospital.
Kuchuluka kwa ma radiation kumatengera kuyesa kwazithunzi komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mlingo wa radiation wochokera ku X-ray wachizolowezi, kachulukidwe ka mafupa, kapena mammogram ndi otsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi CT scan kapena PET scan, malinga ndi Assoc Prof Cheng.
X-ray ya mano, pachifuwa, kapena miyendo yanu imakhala yochepa kwambiri—pafupifupi 1 pa 1,000,000, yomwe ili pafupifupi yofanana ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa komwe mungakumane nako kwa masiku angapo kuchokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe. Inde, tonse timakumana ndi ma radiation achilengedwe ochokera pansi, mpweya, zomangira, ngakhalenso kuwala kochokera kumlengalenga.
Ngakhale ma radiation okwera kwambiri kuchokera ku CT kapena PET scan amabwera ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha khansa, chokhala ndi 1 mwa 10,000 mpaka 1 mwa 1,000. Izi zikufanana ndi zaka zingapo za kukhudzana ndi cheza zachilengedwe. Malingana ndi Parkway Radiology, zinthu zina, monga malo enieni omwe akujambulidwa (monga mkono ndi thupi lanu lonse) komanso kutalika kwa kujambula kumatenga, zimakhudzanso kuwonetseredwa kwa ma radiation.
KODI PALI MALIRE PA CHIWERERO CHA MASAKANANI AMENE MUNGAKHALA NAWO PACHAKA?
Malinga ndi a Assoc Prof Cheng, palibe kuchuluka kwa masikelo omwe munthu angakhale nawo mchaka chimodzi. "Odwala ena omwe ali ndi zovuta kapena zachangu amatha kuphunzitsidwa kangapo pakanthawi kochepa, pomwe ena angafunike m'modzi kapena awiri pakapita zaka."
M'malo mongoyang'ana pa nambala inayake, adatsindika kuti ndikofunikira kuti odwala azidziwitsa madokotala ngati awapima posachedwa. "Ngati zojambulazo zidachitidwa ku polyclinic kapena chipatala cha boma, adokotala amatha kupeza zolembazo kudzera m'chipatala cha anthu, kuteteza kuyesedwa kobwerezabwereza komanso kukonza zowunikira pakafunika," adatero Assoc Prof Cheng.
Komabe, masikelo ochitidwa m'zipatala zapadera kapena kunja mwina sangapezeke muzolemba zachipatala. Zikatero, adatsindika kufunika kwa odwala kupereka chidziwitsochi. "Izi zimalola dokotala kulingalira zotsatira za kujambula m'mbuyomo posankha zoyezetsa zachipatala," adatero.
KODI NDICHIFUKWA CHIYANI MADOTA ENA AMACHITA MITUNDU INGIRI YA MAYESERO A ZITHUNZI?
Pali nthawi zina pomwe sikani imodzi yokha sikupereka chidziwitso chokwanira cha matendawo, adatero Betty Matthew, katswiri wamkulu wa radiograph ku SATA CommHealth.
“Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zojambulira pamodzi kumapangitsa kuti munthu athe kuunika bwinobwino, kuonetsetsa kuti munthuyo ali ndi matenda, njira zochizira bwino, komanso kuwunika bwinobwino mmene wodwalayo alili.”
Mwachitsanzo, X-ray imatha kuzindikira kuwonongeka kwa mafupa chifukwa cha ngozi, koma sikudzawonetsa kutuluka kwa magazi mkati kapena kuwonongeka kwa chiwalo-nkhani zomwe CT kapena MRI scan ingazindikire. Matthew akupereka zitsanzo zina za zochitika zomwe kuyezetsa zithunzi zingapo kungafunike:
Kutsimikizira Kuzindikira: Ngati khansa ya m'mapapo, X-ray pachifuwa imatha kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwake, koma CT kapena MRI scan ingapereke malingaliro omveka bwino komanso atsatanetsatane. Kwa odwala sitiroko, CT scan imatha kuzindikira magazi muubongo, pomwe MRI imatha kudziwa kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa ubongo.
Kuyang'anira Kukula kwa Matenda: Njira zoyerekeza monga PET, CT, ndi MRI zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potsata kukula kwa chotupa kapena kufalikira kwa khansa. Kwa matenda osachiritsika monga multiple sclerosis, kuyezetsa mobwerezabwereza kwa MRI ndikofunikira kuti muwone zotupa zatsopano.
Kuzindikira Matenda kapena Kutupa: Ultrasound, CT scans, kapena PET scans zingathandize kudziwa komwe kumachokera matenda kapena kutupa.
Kodi Makatani Osiyanasiyana Amafananiza Bwanji?
Chifukwa chiyani CT scan ikhoza kuyitanidwa pa X-ray? Kodi ma radiation amachuluka pa mammogram poyerekeza ndi X-ray wamba? Tiyeni tifufuze kusiyana pakati pa mayeso ojambulira omwe amapezeka kwambiri.
1. Computed Tomography (CT Scan)
Kodi Ndi Chiyani:
Ma CT scans nthawi zambiri amalumikizidwa ndi makina akulu, okhala ngati mphete omwe amatulutsa ma X-ray angapo. Mitanda imeneyi imagwirira ntchito limodzi kupanga zithunzi za mbali zitatu za ziwalo zamkati, monga momwe Dr. Lee anafotokozera.
Pamene Agwiritsidwa Ntchito:
Ma CT scan amapereka zithunzi zatsatanetsatane, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala ofunikira kwambiri pakuwonera pafupifupi ziwalo zonse zamkati. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, odwala tsopano amatha kuyeza thupi lonse m'masekondi osakwana 20, nthawi zambiri amangopuma kamodzi.
Amene Sali Oyenera:
Chifukwa ma CT scan amafunikira kuchuluka kwa ma radiation, nthawi zambiri amapewedwa mwa ana, amayi apakati, ndi achinyamata pokhapokha ngati kuli kofunikira. Kuonjezera apo, anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu, chifuwa, kapena matenda a impso akhoza kukhala osayenera pamtundu woterewu, chifukwa utoto wosiyana umafunika, womwe ungayambitse. Komabe, ma steroids angathandize kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha odwalawa, ndipo njira ina yojambulira ingakonzedwe ngati kuli kofunikira.
2. Kujambula kwa Magnetic Resonance (MRI)
Kodi Ndi Chiyani:
Mosiyana ndi makina ojambulira a CT, ma MRIs amagwiritsa ntchito makina ojambulira akuluakulu, omwe odwala amathera nthawi yambiri. MRI imagwira ntchito popanga mafunde a electromagnetic omwe amapanga zithunzi zatsatanetsatane, za mbali zitatu za ziwalo zamkati, ndipo imadzitamandira ndi luso lapamwamba kwambiri lojambula.
Pamene Agwiritsidwa Ntchito:
MRI imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zina monga kuyesa kupsinjika kwa minyewa mumsana, kuzindikira zotupa zazing'ono m'ziwalo monga chiwindi, kapena kuyang'ana zofooka ngati thirakiti la mkodzo ndi ma bile.
Amene Sali Oyenera:
Kujambula kwa MRI sikwabwino kwa odwala omwe akudwala claustrophobia kapena sangathe kukhala chete kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa njirayi imatha kutenga mphindi 15 mpaka mphindi 30, malingana ndi dera lomwe likujambulidwa. Kuonjezera apo, odwala omwe ali ndi zitsulo zachitsulo (mwachitsanzo, ma stents a mtima, zidutswa, kapena zinthu zakunja zachitsulo) sangakhale oyenera kwa MRIs chifukwa cha mphamvu ya maginito yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawiyi.
Ubwino:
MRI sichimaphatikizapo ma radiation, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala chisankho chabwino kwa odwala achichepere ndi omwe ali ndi pakati. Othandizira atsopano a MRI ndi otetezeka kwambiri, ngakhale kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la impso.
3. X-ray
Kodi Ndi Chiyani:
Ma X-ray amagwiritsa ntchito ma radiation a electromagnetic amphamvu kwambiri kuti apange zithunzi zatsatanetsatane za mkati mwa thupi. Ngakhale kuphatikizira ma radiation ya ionizing, kuyang'ana kwa X-ray kumayendetsedwa mosamala kuti muchepetse ngozi.
Pamene Agwiritsidwa Ntchito:
Ma X-ray amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pozindikira matenda othyoka, kusokonekera kwa mafupa, matenda a m'mapapo monga chibayo, ndi matenda ena am'mimba.
Amene Sali Oyenera:
Ngakhale kuti ma X-ray nthawi zambiri amakhala otetezeka kwa misinkhu yonse, amayi oyembekezera amalangizidwa kuti asawachite chifukwa ma radiation angakhudze kukula kwa mwana. Komabe, X-rays amalamulidwa kokha pamene ubwino wa kujambula ukuposa zoopsa.
Mwachidule, njira iliyonse yojambula ili ndi mawonekedwe akeake, zabwino zake, ndi zolephera. Kumvetsetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma scan ndi kuopsa kwawo kungathandize odwala kupanga zisankho zodziwika bwino ndikuwonetsetsa kuti akulandira chithandizo choyenera kwambiri.
4. Ultrasound
Mwachidule:
Ultrasound nthawi zambiri imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuyang'anira ana pa nthawi ya mimba, ndipo pazifukwa zomveka. Monga momwe Matthew akufotokozera, "Ndi njira yotetezeka, yosasokoneza komanso yosagwiritsa ntchito ma radiation."
M'malo mogwiritsa ntchito ma radiation, ultrasound imadalira mafunde amphamvu kwambiri kuti apange zithunzi zenizeni za ziwalo zamkati ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Kuti atenge zithunzizi, gel osakaniza amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakhungu, ndipo kachipangizo kakang'ono kamene kamasunthidwa kumalo okondweretsa, monga pamimba kapena kumbuyo.
Pamene Agwiritsidwa Ntchito:
Ultrasound imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pazachikazi komanso zachikazi kuti ziwone kukula kwa fetal. Ndikofunikiranso kuunika zosiyanasiyana zachipatala. "Imachita bwino pofufuza minofu yofewa, kuyang'anira mimba, kuyesa ziwalo za m'mimba, kuzindikira ndulu, ndi kufufuza momwe magazi akuyendera m'mitsempha ya magazi," akutero Matthew. Kuphatikiza apo, ultrasound imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwongolera njira monga ma biopsies.
Ndani Ayenera Kupewa:
Komabe, ultrasound ili ndi malire. Sichingathe kulowa m'fupa, kotero sichikhoza kuwona madera ena. Zimalimbananso ndi mpweya, kutanthauza kuti sizothandiza kwambiri pofufuza ziwalo monga m'mimba kapena matumbo. Minofu yakuya, monga kapamba kapena msempha, ingakhalenso yovuta kuyesa, makamaka kwa odwala onenepa kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mafunde amawu akamadutsa minofu ya thupi.
5. Mammogram
Mwachidule:
Mammogram ndi makina apadera a X-ray a mabere omwe amapangidwa kuti azindikire zolakwika, nthawi zambiri zizindikiro zisanawonekere. Matthew anati: “Zimathandiza kwambiri kuti chithandizo chiziyenda bwino pozindikira mavuto msanga.
Kujambula kwenikweni kumakhala kwachangu, nthawi zambiri kumakhala masekondi angapo. Komabe, kuyika bere kuti lizijambula bwino kumatha kutenga mphindi 5 mpaka 10, kutengera ndi zithunzi zingati zomwe zikufunika. "Monga kupanikizika kumafunika kuti mukhale ndi zithunzi zomveka bwino, odwala amatha kukhala ndi vuto linalake," akuwonjezera Dr. Lee.
Pamene Agwiritsidwa Ntchito:
Mammograms samangogwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mwachizolowezi koma amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kufufuza zizindikiro monga zotupa kapena kupweteka kwa m'mawere kuti azindikire vuto lililonse.
Ndani Ayenera Kupewa:
Chifukwa cha ma radiation omwe amakhudzidwa, ma mammograms nthawi zambiri savomerezedwa kwa atsikana mpaka atafika msinkhu wovomerezeka kuti awonedwe nthawi zonse, monga momwe Dr. Lee akufotokozera.
6. Kachulukidwe ka Mafupa Scan
Mwachidule:
Dr. Lee analongosolera kachipangizo ka kachulukidwe ka mafupa, “ndi chipangizo cha X-ray chimene chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza mphamvu ya mafupa.” Nthawi zambiri imayang'ana mchiuno kapena dzanja, ndipo kujambula kumatenga mphindi zochepa.
Pamene Agwiritsidwa Ntchito:
Kuyezetsa kumeneku kumachitika kawirikawiri kwa odwala okalamba omwe ali pachiopsezo chodwala matenda osteoporosis. Komabe, zingakhalenso zofunikira kwa odwala aang'ono omwe amamwa mankhwala omwe amakhudza kachulukidwe ka mafupa, akutero Dr. Lee.
Ndani Ayenera Kupewa:
Amayi oyembekezera ayenera kupewa sikani iyi chifukwa cha radiation yomwe ikukhudzidwa. Kuonjezera apo, anthu omwe ali ndi maopaleshoni akuluakulu a msana posachedwapa kapena zovuta za msana, monga scoliosis, sangakhale oyenerera, chifukwa zotsatira zake zingakhale zolakwika.
7. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan
Mwachidule:
PET scan ndi njira yotsogola yojambulira yomwe imapereka sikelo ya thupi lonse. “Kumaphatikizapo kubaya jekeseni wa utoto wapadera wotulutsa ma radiation, ndipo utotowo ukatengeka ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, umazindikiridwa ndi makina ojambulira,” akufotokoza motero Dr. Lee.
Ntchitoyi imatenga pafupifupi maola awiri kapena atatu chifukwa utoto umafunika nthawi kuti ulowe m'ziwalo usanawunike.
Pamene Agwiritsidwa Ntchito:
Ma scan a PET amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pozindikira khansa ndikuwunika kufalikira kwake. Komabe, angathandizenso kudziwa kumene kuli matenda.
Ndani Ayenera Kupewa:
Chifukwa cha ma radiation omwe akukhudzidwa, ma PET scans nthawi zambiri samalimbikitsidwa kwa ana kapena anthu oyembekezera, Dr. Lee akulangiza.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-23-2025
