Kodi mungasiyanitse bwanji X-ray, CT ndi MRI?

Cholinga cha nkhaniyi ndi kukambirana mitundu itatu ya njira zojambulira zithunzi zachipatala zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasokonezedwa ndi anthu ambiri, X-ray, CT, ndi MRI.

Mlingo wochepa wa radiation - X-ray

Kodi X-ray inatchedwa bwanji dzina lake?

Zimenezi zikutibwezera mmbuyo zaka 127 kufika mu Novembala. Katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo wa ku Germany, Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, adapeza chinthu chosadziwika mu labotale yake yonyozeka, kenako adakhala milungu ingapo mu labotale, adakwanitsa kutsimikizira mkazi wake kuti achite ngati munthu woyeserera, ndipo adalemba X-ray yoyamba m'mbiri ya anthu, chifukwa kuwalako kuli kodzaza ndi chinsinsi chosadziwika, Roentgen adatcha X-ray. Kupeza kwakukulu kumeneku kunakhazikitsa maziko a matenda ndi chithandizo chamtsogolo cha zithunzi zachipatala. Novembala 8, 1895, idalengezedwa kuti ndi Tsiku Lapadziko Lonse la Ma X kuti likumbukire kupezeka kumeneku kodabwitsa.

X-ray ndi kuwala kosaoneka komwe kumakhala ndi mphamvu yochepa kwambiri ya mafunde yomwe ndi mphamvu yamagetsi pakati pa ultraviolet ndi gamma rays. Nthawi yomweyo, mphamvu yake yolowera ndi yamphamvu kwambiri, chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kuchuluka ndi makulidwe a minofu yosiyanasiyana ya thupi la munthu, X-ray imayamwa mosiyanasiyana ikadutsa m'thupi la munthu, ndipo X-ray yokhala ndi chidziwitso chosiyana cha kuchepa pambuyo polowa m'thupi la munthu imadutsa munjira zosiyanasiyana zaukadaulo wakukula, ndipo pamapeto pake imapanga zithunzi zakuda ndi zoyera.

Ma X-ray ndi CT nthawi zambiri amaikidwa pamodzi, ndipo ali ndi zofanana komanso zosiyana. Awiriwa ali ndi zofanana mu mfundo yojambulira zithunzi, zomwe zonse zimagwiritsa ntchito kulowa kwa X-ray kuti apange zithunzi zakuda ndi zoyera zokhala ndi mphamvu yosiyana ya kuwala kudzera m'matupi a anthu omwe ali ndi minofu ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana. Koma palinso kusiyana komveka bwino:

Choyamba, kusiyanamabodzapa mawonekedwe ndi momwe zida zimagwirira ntchito. X-ray imafanana kwambiri ndi kupita ku studio yojambulira zithunzi kuti akajambulidwe. Choyamba, wodwalayo amathandizidwa ndi malo oyenera oyezetsera, kenako babu la X-ray (kamera yayikulu) limagwiritsidwa ntchito kujambula chithunzicho mu sekondi imodzi. Zipangizo za CT zimaoneka ngati "donut" yayikulu, ndipo wogwiritsa ntchito amafunika kuthandiza wodwalayo pabedi loyezetsera, kulowa m'chipinda chochitira opaleshoni, ndikumujambula wodwalayo pogwiritsa ntchito CT scan.

Chachiwiri, kusiyanamabodzaMu njira zojambulira zithunzi. Chithunzi cha X-ray ndi chithunzi chophatikizana cha mbali ziwiri, ndipo chidziwitso cha chithunzi cha malo enaake chingapezeke pa chithunzi chimodzi, chomwe chili mbali imodzi. Zili ngati kuona chidutswa cha mkate wosadulidwa wonse, ndipo kapangidwe ka mkati sikangathe kuwonetsedwa bwino. Chithunzi cha CT chimapangidwa ndi zithunzi zingapo za tomography, zomwe zili zofanana ndi kudula gawo la kapangidwe ka minofu ndi gawo, momveka bwino komanso chimodzi ndi chimodzi kuti ziwonetse zambiri ndi kapangidwe mkati mwa thupi la munthu, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi abwino kwambiri kuposa filimu ya X-ray.

Chachitatu, pakadali pano, kujambula zithunzi za X-ray kwagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala komanso mokhwima pozindikira matenda a mafupa a ana, makolo sayenera kuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi momwe kuwala kwa radiation kumakhudzira, mlingo wa radiation ya X-ray ndi wochepa kwambiri. Palinso odwala omwe amabwera kuchipatala kuti akalandire chithandizo cha mafupa chifukwa cha kuvulala, dokotalayo adzapanga zabwino ndi zoyipa za X-ray ndi CT, nthawi zambiri chisankho choyamba chowunikira X-ray, ndipo ngati X-ray singathe kuonekera bwino, zilonda kapena zilonda zokayikitsa zikapezeka ndipo sizingadziwike, kuyezetsa kwa CT kudzalimbikitsidwa ngati chithandizo cholimbitsa.

Musasokoneze MRI ndi X-ray ndi CT

MRILimaoneka ngati CT, koma malo ake ozama komanso mabowo ang'onoang'ono amabweretsa kupanikizika m'thupi la munthu, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe anthu ambiri amaopa.

Mfundo yake ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi ya X-ray ndi CT.

Tikudziwa kuti thupi la munthu limapangidwa ndi maatomu, madzi omwe ali m'thupi la munthu ndi ochuluka kwambiri, madzi amakhala ndi ma protoni a haidrojeni, thupi la munthu likagona mu mphamvu ya maginito, padzakhala gawo la ma protoni a haidrojeni ndipo chizindikiro cha kugunda kwa mphamvu ya maginito yakunja "resonance", ma frequency opangidwa ndi "resonance" amalandiridwa ndi wolandila, ndipo pamapeto pake kompyuta imakonza chizindikiro chofooka cha resonance, ndikupanga chithunzi chakuda ndi choyera chosiyana.

Mukudziwa, nuclear magnetic resonance siiwononga radiation, palibe ionizing radiation, yakhala njira yodziwika bwino yojambulira zithunzi. Pa minofu yofewa monga mitsempha, mafupa, minofu ndi mafuta, MRI ndiyo yabwino kwambiri.

Komabe, ilinso ndi zotsutsana zambiri, ndipo zinthu zina ndizochepa poyerekeza ndi CT, monga kuwona timibulu tating'onoting'ono ta m'mapapo, kusweka kwa mafupa, ndi zina zotero. CT ndi yolondola kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kaya musankhe X-ray, CT kapena MRI, dokotala ayenera kusankha zizindikiro.

Kuphatikiza apo, tingaone zida za MRI ngati maginito akuluakulu, zida zamagetsi zomwe zili pafupi nazo zidzalephera, zinthu zachitsulo zomwe zili pafupi nazo zidzachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti "ziphuphu zichitike", zomwe ndi zoopsa kwambiri.

Chifukwa chake, chitetezo cha mayeso a MRI chakhala vuto lofala kwa madokotala. Pokonzekera mayeso a MRI, ndikofunikira kuuza dokotala mbiri yake moona mtima komanso mwatsatanetsatane, kutsatira malangizo a akatswiri, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mayesowo ndi otetezeka.

Zikuoneka kuti mitundu itatu iyi ya njira zojambulira zithunzi za X-ray, CT ndi MRI zimathandizana ndipo zimathandiza odwala.

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Monga tonse tikudziwira, chitukuko cha makampani opanga zithunzi zachipatala sichingasiyanitsidwe ndi chitukuko cha zida zamankhwala zingapo - majekeseni osiyanitsa ndi zinthu zina zothandizira - zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'munda uno. Ku China, komwe kumadziwika ndi makampani opanga zinthu, kuli opanga ambiri otchuka kunyumba ndi kunja chifukwa chopanga zida zojambula zithunzi zachipatala, kuphatikizapoLnkMedKuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa, LnkMed yakhala ikuyang'ana kwambiri pa ntchito yopangira majekeseni otsutsana ndi mpweya woipa kwambiri. Gulu la mainjiniya la LnkMed limatsogozedwa ndi PhD yokhala ndi zaka zoposa khumi zokumana nazo ndipo ikuchita kafukufuku ndi chitukuko mozama. Motsogozedwa ndi iye,Injector ya mutu umodzi ya CT,Injector ya mutu wa CT iwiri,Injector ya MRI contrastndiInjector yotsutsana ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi (Angiography)Zapangidwa ndi zinthu izi: thupi lolimba komanso laling'ono, mawonekedwe osavuta komanso anzeru ogwirira ntchito, ntchito zake zonse, chitetezo champhamvu, komanso kapangidwe kolimba. Tikhozanso kupereka ma syringe ndi ma chubu omwe amagwirizana ndi mitundu yotchuka ya ma injector a CT, MRI, DSA Ndi malingaliro awo oona mtima komanso mphamvu zawo zaukadaulo, antchito onse a LnkMed akukupemphani kuti mubwere kudzafufuza misika yambiri pamodzi.