Kodi mungasiyanitse bwanji pakati pa X-ray, CT ndi MRI?

Cholinga cha nkhaniyi ndi kukambirana za mitundu itatu ya njira zowonetsera zamankhwala zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasokonezedwa ndi anthu onse, X-ray, CT, ndi MRI.

Mlingo wochepa wa radiation - X-ray

Kodi X-ray inapeza bwanji dzina?

Izi zikutifikitsa mmbuyo zaka 127 mpaka Novembala. Katswiri wa sayansi ya sayansi ya ku Germany Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen anapeza chodabwitsa chosadziwika mu labotale yake yonyozeka, ndipo anakhala masabata mu labotale, kutsimikizira mkazi wake kuti achite ngati phunziro loyesera, ndipo analemba X-ray yoyamba m'mbiri ya anthu, chifukwa kuwala kuli koyenera. chodzaza ndi chinsinsi chosadziwika, Roentgen anachitcha X-ray. Kupezedwa kwakukulu kumeneku kunayala maziko a mtsogolo mwachidziwitso chachipatala chojambulidwa ndi chithandizo. November 8, 1895, adalengezedwa kuti ndi Tsiku la International Radiological Day kuti likumbukire zomwe zidachitika panthawiyi.

X-ray ndi nyali yosaoneka ya kuwala yomwe imakhala ndi utali waufupi kwambiri womwe ndi kuwala kwa electromagnetic pakati pa ultraviolet ndi gamma ray. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mphamvu yake yolowera ndi yamphamvu kwambiri, chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kachulukidwe ndi makulidwe a ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi la munthu, X-ray imatengeka ndi madigiri osiyanasiyana pamene ikudutsa m'thupi la munthu, ndi X- ray ndi zosiyanasiyana attenuation zambiri pambuyo olowa thupi la munthu amadutsa mndandanda wa matekinoloje chitukuko, ndipo potsiriza amapanga zithunzi zakuda ndi zoyera.

X-rays ndi CT nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa, ndipo zimakhala zofanana ndi zosiyana. Awiriwa ali ndi mfundo zofananira pamaganizidwe, onse omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kulowa kwa X-ray kupanga zithunzi zakuda ndi zoyera zokhala ndi mphamvu yocheperako ya ma radiation kudzera m'matupi a anthu okhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana a minofu ndi makulidwe. Koma palinso kusiyana koonekeratu:

Choyamba, kusiyanazabodzamu maonekedwe ndi ntchito ya zipangizo. X-ray ikufanana kwambiri ndi kupita ku studio kuti ukatenge chithunzi. Choyamba, wodwalayo amathandizidwa ndi malo ovomerezeka a malo oyesera, ndiyeno babu ya X-ray (kamera yaikulu) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwombera chithunzicho mu sekondi imodzi. Zipangizo za CT zimawoneka ngati "donut" wamkulu m'mawonekedwe, ndipo wogwira ntchitoyo ayenera kuthandiza wodwalayo pa bedi loyesera, kulowa m'chipinda cha opaleshoni, ndi kupanga CT scan kwa wodwalayo.

Chachiwiri, kusiyanazabodzamu njira zofotokozera. Chithunzi cha X-ray ndi chithunzi chodutsana cha mbali ziwiri, ndipo chidziwitso cha chithunzi cha mawonekedwe ena chikhoza kupezeka pakuwombera kumodzi, komwe kumakhala mbali imodzi. Zimafanana ndi kuyang'ana chidutswa cha toast yosadulidwa yonse, ndipo mawonekedwe amkati sangathe kuwonetsedwa bwino. Chithunzi cha CT chimapangidwa ndi zithunzi zingapo za tomography, zomwe zimafanana ndi kugawanitsa mawonekedwe a minofu ndi wosanjikiza, momveka bwino komanso m'modzi ndi m'modzi kuwonetsa zambiri ndi kapangidwe kake mkati mwa thupi la munthu, ndipo malingaliro ake ndi abwino kwambiri kuposa X- filimu ya ray.

Chachitatu, pakali pano, X-ray kujambula wakhala bwinobwino ndi okhwima ntchito pa matenda wothandiza ana fupa m`badwo, makolo sayenera kudandaula kwambiri za zotsatira za poizoniyu, X-ray poizoniyu mlingo ndi ochepa kwambiri. Palinso odwala amene amabwera ku chipatala chithandizo cha mafupa chifukwa cha zoopsa, dokotala adzakhala lithe ubwino ndi kuipa X-ray ndi CT, kawirikawiri kusankha koyamba kwa X-ray kufufuza, ndi pamene X-ray sangathe zilonda zomveka bwino kapena zokayikitsa zimapezeka ndipo sizingadziwike, kufufuza kwa CT kudzalimbikitsidwa ngati chithandizo cholimbikitsa.

Osasokoneza MRI ndi X-ray ndi CT

MRIamawoneka ofanana ndi CT m'mawonekedwe, koma malo ake ozama ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono adzabweretsa kupsinjika kwa thupi la munthu, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe anthu ambiri aziopa.

Mfundo yake ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi X-ray ndi CT.

Tikudziwa kuti thupi la munthu limapangidwa ndi ma atomu, zomwe zili m'madzi m'thupi la munthu ndizochuluka kwambiri, madzi amakhala ndi ma protoni a haidrojeni, thupi la munthu likagona mu mphamvu ya maginito, padzakhala gawo la ma protoni a hydrogen ndi pulse. chizindikiro cha mphamvu ya maginito yakunja "resonance", mafupipafupi opangidwa ndi "resonance" amalandiridwa ndi wolandira, ndipo potsiriza kompyuta imagwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chofooka cha resonance, kupanga chithunzi chakuda ndi choyera chosiyana.

Mukudziwa, nyukiliya maginito resonance alibe ma radiation, palibe cheza ionizing, wakhala njira wamba kujambula. Kwa minofu yofewa monga dongosolo lamanjenje, mafupa, minofu ndi mafuta, MRI ndiyo yabwino.

Komabe, ilinso ndi zotsutsana zambiri, ndipo mbali zina ndizochepa kwa CT, monga kuyang'ana kwa tinthu tating'ono tating'ono ta m'mapapo, fractures, etc. CT ndi yolondola kwambiri. Choncho, kaya asankhe X-ray, CT kapena MRI, dokotala ayenera kusankha zizindikiro.

Kuonjezera apo, tikhoza kuona zipangizo za MRI ngati maginito akuluakulu, zipangizo zamagetsi zomwe zili pafupi nazo zidzalephera, zinthu zachitsulo zomwe zili pafupi nazo zidzalengezedwa nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimapangitsa "missile effect", yoopsa kwambiri.

Choncho, chitetezo cha MRI kufufuza nthawi zonse chakhala vuto lofala kwa madokotala. Pokonzekera kuyezetsa kwa MRI, ndikofunikira kuwuza dokotala mbiri yake moona mtima komanso mwatsatanetsatane, kutsatira malangizo a akatswiri, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mukuyezetsa chitetezo.

Zitha kuwoneka kuti mitundu itatu iyi ya X-ray, CT ndi MRI zojambula zachipatala zimakwaniritsana ndikutumikira odwala.

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