Kukula kwa ukadaulo wamakono wa makompyuta kumayendetsa patsogolo ukadaulo wa digito wojambula zithunzi zachipatala. Kujambula zithunzi zamamolekyulu ndi nkhani yatsopano yopangidwa mwa kuphatikiza sayansi ya zamoyo zamamolekyulu ndi kujambula zithunzi zamachipatala zamakono. Ndi zosiyana ndi ukadaulo wakale wojambula zithunzi zamachipatala. Kawirikawiri, njira zakale zojambulira zithunzi zamachipatala zimasonyeza zotsatira za kusintha kwa mamolekyulu m'maselo a anthu, kuzindikira zolakwika pambuyo poti kusintha kwa thupi kwapangidwa. Komabe, kujambula zithunzi zamamolekyulu kumatha kuzindikira kusintha kwa maselo kumayambiriro kwa matenda kudzera mu njira zina zapadera zoyesera pogwiritsa ntchito zida zatsopano ndi ma reagents popanda kuyambitsa kusintha kwa thupi, zomwe zingathandize madokotala kumvetsetsa kukula kwa matenda a odwala. Chifukwa chake, ndi chida chothandiza chothandiza poyesa mankhwala ndi kuzindikira matenda.
1. Kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo wodziwika bwino wa kujambula zithunzi za digito
1.1Ma X-ray a Pakompyuta (CR)
Ukadaulo wa CR umalemba ma X-ray ndi bolodi lazithunzi, umasangalatsa bolodi lazithunzi ndi laser, umasintha chizindikiro cha kuwala chomwe chimachokera ku bolodi lazithunzi kukhala kulumikizana kudzera pazida zapadera, ndipo pamapeto pake umakonza ndi kujambula zithunzi pogwiritsa ntchito kompyuta. Ndi zosiyana ndi mankhwala achikhalidwe a radiation chifukwa CR imagwiritsa ntchito IP m'malo mwa filimu ngati chonyamulira, kotero ukadaulo wa CR umagwira ntchito yosintha pakupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wamakono wa mankhwala a radiation.
1.2 Kujambula Mwachindunji (DR)
Pali kusiyana pakati pa kujambula zithunzi za X-ray mwachindunji ndi makina achikhalidwe a X-ray. Choyamba, njira yojambulira zithunzi za filimu pogwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwa dzuwa imasinthidwa ndikusintha chidziwitsocho kukhala chizindikiro chomwe chingazindikirike ndi kompyuta ndi chowunikira. Kachiwiri, pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito ya kompyuta pokonza zithunzi za digito, njira yonseyi ndi yamagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbali ya zamankhwala ikhale yosavuta.
Ma radiography a mzere akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu malinga ndi ma detector osiyanasiyana omwe amagwiritsa ntchito. Kujambula mwachindunji kwa digito, detector yake ndi amorphous silicon plate, poyerekeza ndi indirect energy conversion DR Mu resolution ya malo ndi yabwino kwambiri; Pa kujambula mwachindunji kwa digito, ma detector omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi awa: cesium iodide, gadolinium oxide of sulfur, cesium iodide/Gadolinium oxide of sulfur + lens/optical fiber +CCD/CMOS ndi cesium iodide/Gadolinium oxide of sulfur + CMOS; Image intensifier Digital X photographic system,
Chowunikira cha CCD tsopano chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu dongosolo la m'mimba la digito ndi dongosolo lalikulu la angiography
2. Kukula kwa ukadaulo waukulu wa kujambula zithunzi za digito zachipatala
2.1 Kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa kwa CR
1) Kukonza bolodi lojambulira zithunzi. Zipangizo zatsopano zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbale yojambulira zithunzi zimachepetsa kwambiri kufalikira kwa kuwala, ndipo kuthwa kwa chithunzi ndi mawonekedwe ake zimawonjezeka, kotero kuti mtundu wa chithunzicho wakula kwambiri.
2) Kukonza njira yojambulira. Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wojambulira mzere m'malo mwa ukadaulo wojambulira malo owuluka ndikugwiritsa ntchito CCD ngati chosonkhanitsa zithunzi, nthawi yojambulira imafupikitsidwa.
3) Mapulogalamu okonza zinthu pambuyo pa kukonza zinthu amalimbikitsidwa komanso kukonzedwanso. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ukadaulo wa makompyuta, opanga ambiri ayambitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapulogalamu. Pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamuwa, madera ena osakwanira pachithunzichi amatha kukonzedwanso kwambiri, kapena kutayika kwa tsatanetsatane wa chithunzi kungachepe, kuti chithunzi chikhale chokongola.
4) CR ikupitiliza kukula motsatira njira yogwirira ntchito zachipatala yofanana ndi DR. Mofanana ndi njira yogwirira ntchito ya DR, CR imatha kuyika chowerengera mu chipinda chilichonse cha radiography kapena console yogwirira ntchito; Mofanana ndi kupanga zithunzi zokha ndi DR, njira yokonzanso zithunzi ndi laser scanning imachitika yokha.
2.2 Kupita patsogolo kwa kafukufuku wa ukadaulo wa DR
1) Kupita patsogolo kwa kujambula kwa digito kwa silicon yosakhala ya kristalo ndi selenium yopanda mawonekedwe. Kusintha kwakukulu kumachitika mu kapangidwe ka makonzedwe a kristalo, malinga ndi kafukufuku, kapangidwe ka singano ndi kolala ya silicon yopanda mawonekedwe ndi selenium yopanda mawonekedwe kumatha kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa X-ray, kotero kuti kuthwa ndi kuwonekera bwino kwa chithunzicho kumawonjezeka.
2) Kupita patsogolo kwa kujambula kwa digito kwa zida zowunikira za CMOS flat panel. Chingwe cha fluorescent cha chida chowunikira cha CM0S flat chingapange mizere ya fluorescent yofanana ndi kuwala kwa X-ray komwe kumachitika, ndipo chizindikiro cha fluorescent chimagwidwa ndi chip cha CMOS ndipo pamapeto pake chimakulitsidwa ndikukonzedwa. Chifukwa chake, kutsimikiza kwa malo kwa chida chowunikira cha M0S kuli kokwera kufika pa 6.1LP/m, chomwe ndi chida chowunikira chomwe chili ndi resolution yapamwamba kwambiri. Komabe, liwiro lojambula pang'onopang'ono la dongosololi lakhala kufooka kwa zida zowunikira za CMOS flat panel.
3) Kujambula zithunzi za digito za CCD kwapita patsogolo. Kujambula zithunzi za CCD pazinthu, kapangidwe kake, ndi kukonza zithunzi kwakonzedwa, kudzera mu kapangidwe ka singano katsopano ka X-ray scintillator, kumveka bwino kwambiri komanso galasi lophatikizana lamphamvu kwambiri komanso kudzaza kwa 100% CCD chip imaging sensitivity, kumveka bwino kwa chithunzi ndi resolution kwakonzedwanso.
4) Kugwiritsa ntchito DR kuchipatala kuli ndi mwayi waukulu. Mlingo wochepa, kuwonongeka kochepa kwa ma radiation kwa ogwira ntchito zachipatala komanso nthawi yayitali yogwiritsira ntchito chipangizochi ndi zabwino zonse za ukadaulo wa DR Imaging. Chifukwa chake, DR Imaging ili ndi zabwino poyesa chifuwa, mafupa ndi mabere ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Zoyipa zina ndi mtengo wokwera.
3. Ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri wa kujambula zithunzi za digito zachipatala — kujambula zithunzi zamamolekyulu
Kujambula zithunzi za mamolekyulu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zojambulira kuti timvetse mamolekyu enaake pamlingo wa minofu, maselo ndi maselo ang'onoang'ono, zomwe zingasonyeze kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa mamolekyulu m'thupi la munthu. Nthawi yomweyo, tingagwiritsenso ntchito ukadaulo uwu kuti tifufuze zambiri za moyo m'thupi la munthu zomwe sizipezeka mosavuta, ndikupeza matenda ndi chithandizo chogwirizana nacho pachiyambi cha matendawa.
4. Kukula kwa ukadaulo wa digito wojambula zithunzi zachipatala
Kujambula zithunzi zamamolekyulu ndiye njira yayikulu yofufuzira yaukadaulo wa digito wa zamankhwala, womwe uli ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kokhala njira yopititsira patsogolo ukadaulo wazithunzi zamankhwala. Nthawi yomweyo, kujambula zithunzi zakale monga ukadaulo waukulu, kumakhalabe ndi kuthekera kwakukulu.
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Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-01-2024
