Kukhazikika kwa nyukiliyasi kungapezeke mwa kutulutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono kapena mafunde, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuwonongeka kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kupanga ma radiation ya ionizing. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta alpha, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta beta, cheza cha gamma, ndi ma neutroni ndi ena mwa mitundu yomwe imakonda kuwonedwa.Kuwola kwa alpha kumaphatikizapo kutulutsa timadontho tolemera, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timawola kuti tikhazikike bwino. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timeneti sitingathe kulowa pakhungu ndipo nthawi zambiri timatsekeka bwino ndi pepala limodzi.
Kutengera ndi mtundu wa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kapena mafunde omwe nyukiliyasi imatulutsa kuti ikhale yokhazikika, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuwonongeka kwa radioactive komwe kumatsogolera ku radiation ya ionizing. Mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta alpha, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta beta, cheza cha gamma ndi neutroni.
Alpha radiation
Pa ma radiation a alpha, ma nuclei omwe akuwola amatulutsa tinthu ting'onoting'ono tomwe timayimbira bwino kuti tikwaniritse bata. Nthawi zambiri tinthu tating'onoting'ono timeneti sitingathe kudutsa pakhungu kuti tivulaze ndipo nthawi zambiri timatsekeka pogwiritsa ntchito pepala limodzi lokha.
Komabe, zinthu za alpha-emitting zikalowa m'thupi kudzera mu mpweya, kumeza, kapena kumwa, zimatha kukhudza mwachindunji minofu yamkati, zomwe zingawononge thanzi. .
Beta radiation
Pama radiation ya beta, ma nuclei amatulutsa tinthu ting'onoting'ono (ma elekitironi), omwe amalowera kwambiri kuposa ma alpha particles ndipo amatha kudutsa ma sentimita 1-2 amadzi, kutengera mphamvu yawo. Nthawi zambiri, pepala lopyapyala la aluminiyamu lokhala ndi mamilimita angapo mu makulidwe limatha kuletsa ma radiation a beta.
Gamma kunyezimira
Ma radiation a gamma, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza chithandizo cha khansa, ali m'gulu la radiation yamagetsi, yofanana ndi X-ray. Ngakhale kuti kuwala kwa gamma kumadutsa m'thupi la munthu popanda zotsatirapo, ena amatha kuyamwa ndi kuvulaza. Makoma a konkire kapena makoma otsogolera amatha kuchepetsa chiwopsezo chokhudzana ndi cheza cha gamma pochepetsa mphamvu yake, ndichifukwa chake zipinda zachipatala m'zipatala zopangira odwala khansa zimamangidwa ndi makoma olimba otere.
Neutroni
Ma nyutroni, monga tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso zigawo zikuluzikulu za phata, zimatha kupangidwa kudzera m'njira zosiyanasiyana, monga zida zanyukiliya kapena zochitika zanyukiliya zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambiri muzitsulo zothamangitsira. Manyutroni awa amagwira ntchito ngati gwero lodziwika bwino la radiation ya ionizing.
Njira Zopewera Kuwonekera kwa Ma radiation
Zitatu mwa mfundo zofunika kwambiri komanso zosavuta kutsatira zachitetezo cha radiation ndi: Nthawi, Kutalikirana, Kuteteza.
Nthawi
Mlingo wa radiation womwe umasonkhanitsidwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito ma radiation umawonjezeka molumikizana ndi nthawi yomwe ili pafupi ndi gwero la radiation. Kuchepa kwa nthawi pafupi ndi komwe kumachokera kumapangitsa kuti ma radiation achepe. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wa ma radiation kumabweretsa mlingo waukulu wolandira. Chifukwa chake, kuchepetsa nthawi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo lililonse la radiation kumachepetsa kuyanika kwa radiation.
Mtunda
Kupititsa patsogolo kulekanitsa pakati pa munthu ndi gwero la ma radiation kumatsimikizira kuti ndi njira yabwino yochepetsera kufalikira kwa ma radiation. Pamene mtunda kuchokera ku gwero la ma radiation ukukula, mlingo wa radiation umachepa kwambiri. Kuchepetsa kuyandikira kwa gwero la radiation ndikothandiza kwambiri pochepetsa kutulutsa ma radiation panthawi ya radiograph ndi fluoroscopy. Kuchepa kwa kuwonekera kumatha kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito lamulo losiyana la square square, lomwe limafotokoza kugwirizana pakati pa mtunda ndi mphamvu ya radiation. Lamuloli likunena kuti kuchulukira kwa ma radiation pamtunda wodziwika kuchokera kugwero laling'ono kumayenderana ndi masikweya amtundawo.
Kuteteza
Ngati kusunga mtunda wautali komanso nthawi yocheperako sikukutsimikizira kuti mulingo wocheperako umakhala wocheperako, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo chokwanira kuti muchepetse mtengo wa radiation. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa ma radiation amadziwika ngati chishango, ndipo kukhazikitsidwa kwake kumathandizira kuchepetsa kuwonekera kwa odwala komanso anthu wamba.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-08-2024
